Which force(s) must wood column-and-post end connections resist according to regulations?

Wood column-and-post end connections are essential components in the structural integrity of buildings, as they play a critical role in transferring loads and forces throughout the structure. According to regulations, these connections must be designed to resist both lateral and uplift forces.

Lateral forces are often the result of wind loads or seismic activity, which can cause sideways movement of the structure. The column-and-post connections must remain intact under these forces to prevent structural failure or excessive movement that could compromise the safety of the building.

Uplift forces, on the other hand, may occur due to various reasons such as wind acting on the roof or changes in temperature that cause the materials to expand or contract. This type of force can tend to pull the connections upward, and without adequate resistance, this could lead to separation of components.

The combined need to resist both lateral and uplift forces ensures that the wood column-and-post connections provide stability and integrity to the building as a whole. This is why the correct answer encompasses both types of forces, highlighting the importance of comprehensive structural support.